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D- R. PORTERl WRENCH,

N0. 450,681. Patented Apr. 21, 1891.

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. jaw may be moved or adjust-ed, all as I will UNTTnn STATES PATENTCFFIVCE.

DANIEL It. PORTER, OF CHELSEA, MASSACIIUSE'ITS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- I'IALFTC YILIAM F. GOLDTIIVAI'I, OF SAME PLACE.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 450,681, dated April21, 1891.

Application tiled May 10, 1890.

To @ZZ '107mm it may concern.:

Be it known that I, DANIEL R. PoRTnR, of Chelsea, in the county ofSufolk` and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in lVrenches, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to wrenches generally, and particularly tothekind of such devices as is commonly' known as pipewrenches.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an improvement onthe wrench shown and described in United States Letters Pat ent Nonithl,granted April 29,1890, whereby the construction of the wrench may begreatly simplified, its efficiency and durablity increased, and its costof manufacture materially lessened.

In the wrench aforesaid the nut whereby the movable jaw and its shankare operated is connected with the ears of the handle or lever by meansof a bar or lever pivoted to the said ears. I have found that a moreeconomic and eiicient construction is afforded by dispensing with thepivoted bar and pro. viding rigid rearward extensions to the ears, or itmight be to but one of them, which extension may form an integral partof the ears.

My improvement consists of a wrench comprising in its construction ahandle or lever having ears and a rigid extension connected with one orboth of the said ears, the said handle being provided with a lixed jaw,in combination with a movable jaw having a screw-threaded shank and anadjusting-nut enga-ging the said shank and inclosing said rigidearextensions, the latter being provided with an abutment or bearing forthe nut, so that by turning the nut, which is not inclosed or secured atany point, the shank and its now proceed to describe and claim, makingreference to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of referencemarked thereon, forming a part of this specification.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of my improved wrench, a partof the handle being shown as broken out. Fig. 2 is a longitudinalsectional view taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. on the line 3 3 of Fig.1.

Fig. 3l is a sectional view taken Fig. 4 is a detailin sei-in No.351,225l (No moda.)

perspective, showing the part upon which my improvement has beenwrought. Fig. 5 is adetail showing a modification.

The same letters designate the same parts or features, as the ease maybe, wherever they occur.

In the drawings, a designates a handle or lever having ears Z), providedwith rigid rearwardly-extending portions c, which extensions may or maynot form an integral part of the ears. The ears and' their extensionsare constructed and arranged so that they may form lateral bearings forthe screwthreaded shank (lof themovable jaw c,.which shank is adapted tobe moved longitudinally between the said ears. The handle or lever a isprovided with a iixed j aw f to cao-operate with the movable jaw e.

g designates a nut adapted to engage the screw-threaded shank d and toat the same time embrace and inclose the extensions c of the ears b, thesaid extensions being provided with bearings 7L for the sides of thenut, so that by turning the latter the shank d may be adjusted or movedlongitudinally, said inner bearings being formed by the shoulders at thepoint of conjunction of the ears and the extensions. By this arrangementthe entire outer surface of the nut is exposed and can be grasped at anypoint and is lirmly held as against lateral movement by the bearings atthe inner and outer ends of the extensions.

The bearings 7L may (though not necessarily) be slightly curved, asshown, to permit the jaw c and its shank to have a great-er rockingmotion with the nut as its axis than they would otherwise have.

The ears may be made as an integral part of the handle a, with the fixedjaw f secured in the forward end of said lever or handle, as shown inFig. l, or the said Iixed jaw may also form an integral portion of thelever or handle, or the cars l) may be formed on a part separate fromthe handle, which separate part may be secured to the forward end of thehandle and the jaw f Iixed therein, as shown by full and dotted lines inFig. i.

In assembling the parts, as shown in Fig. l, I may spring the outer orfree ends of the extension-pieces e together sufficiently to enable thenut g to be slipped thereover, when the extensions may be sprung back toplace and the shank d passed Vbetween the ears andengaged by the nut.

Instead of providing the extensions c with bearings i, as shown in Figs.l, 2, and 4, I may form the outer bearings for the nut as pins 7s,inserted in the ends of the extensions c, as shown in Fig. 5, in whichoase in assemblin g the parts the ends of the extensions c of the earsneed not be sprung together and pressed apart, as hereinbeforedescribed; but after placing the nut g in posit-ion the bearing-pins maybe secured in place.

By the improvement described a very strong and eflicient Wrench may beproduced, While the cost of manufacturing the same may be reduced to theminimum.

The construction of the Wrench is simplified and at the same timematerially improved. The parts can be readily operated, and the nutbeing held between firm bearings is prevented from becoming loose orderanged.

Having thus described my invention, I deelare that what I kclaim is--The herein-described Wrench, comprising a handle or lever having a fixedjaw, the ears projecting from said handle or lever, the parallelextensions formed With said ears, having shoulders at their points ofconjunction, forming inner bearings, and shoulders at the outer edges ofsaid ears, forming outer bearings, in combination with a movable jawhaving a screw-threaded shank and an adjustingnut engaging the shank andencircling said parallel extensions and held by said inner and outershoulders, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses, this 8th daycf May, A. D. 1890.

DANIEL R. PORTER.

Vitnesses:

ARTHUR W. EROSSLEY, A. D. HARRISON.

